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The District comprises mainly of plain areas dotted by small hillocks. The northern part of the District is generally hilly areas and the southern part of the district are covered with forest and hillocks. There elevation of Darrang varies from 50 mtrs to 250 mtrs above sea level and there is a constant slope from north to south. The Khalingduar Reserved Forest and Bhairavkunda area is at the peak of 150 - 250 mtrs. height. This is touched by another thin belt of 100 to 150 mtrs. high, The central belt of the district is at 50 - 100 mtrs. and covers 40% of the district. To the south, this elevation gets further reduced. The Brahmaputra maintains a level of 10 to 50 mtrs. |
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The District can be divided in the low-lying plains, covered plains and hills. The hills are for the most part formed of gneissic rocks from which excellent building stone can be obtained. The plain is of alluvial origin and consists of sand and clay in varying proportions. The northern border is covered by Alluvium, accompanied by another thin belt of older alluvium, The rest of the District is covered by sandstone & shale. There is a small resource of coal near Udalguri. |
Ground Water Potential: |
The Brahmaputra is the main river in the border of the south of the District on the east to west direction. Other important tributaries of the Brahmaputra are Barnadi, Nanoi, Mangaldai, Noanodi, Saktola, Dhansiri, which are the main River flowing through the District and the rivers are perennial in nature. Since the north is at high level and hilly, and southern part is low & plain, the district can be is clearly divided into 3 belts regarding Ground Water Potential. The thin north belt has a potential of 5 to 10 ltrs. /sec., while the major central belt maintains a range of 10 to 25 ltrs. /sec. The south belt enjoys a generous 25 to 40 ltrs. /sec. |
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The District has a Sub-tropical climate with semi-dry hat summer and clod winter. Dust storms are common in the southern part of the District during February to April of the year because of the proximity of the area to sand loads of the Brahmaputra. Generally December and January are the coldest months of the year. The maximum rainfall generally occur during a period of 4 months starting from May/June. The drainage system is inadequate in the monsoon. Recurrence of flood during monsoon due to heavy rainfalls in the district and neighboring Arunachal Pradesh(state) and Bhutan(country) causes loss of crops and other properties almost every year. In recent years the District the experienced the heavy floods, to be precise, flash floods, due to heavy deforestation towards northern part. The people of the district, who mainly depend on rain water for their cultivation are often badly affected on one hand by floods and on the other hand by occasional dry spell. The annual rainfall varies from 1500 mm. to 2600 mm. Annual rainfall of the District in 1995 was 2449 mm. The Orang N.P. and Khalingduar R.F. comes under the lowest rainfall zone.. The highest rainfall occurs at a small Western part including Tangla & Kalaigaon. The district received maximum rainfall during the month May to September. With respect of Temperature, again the district is divided into belts in East-West direction. The middle belts are the hottest, where temperature goes upto 36o and The northern belts is the coolest, the temperature goes below 10o here. . Other parts experience temperature ranges around 22o. The mean relative humidity here is around 82 %. |
SOIL:
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The northern part of the District consists of the vast tracts of marshy Tarai-land of Bhutan hills filled up by alluvial and colluvial deposits forming light textured soils with a loose stratum. Major part of the district, mainly southern part, is Younger alluvial entisols. The central portion is covered by older alluvial alfisols. The northern part, is brown red & yellow ulfisols, tarai mollisols and small amount of bhabar. |
